


Now we are in the transition phase from LTE advanced to 5G. As of January 2022, LTE has a presence in 240 countries with around 790 network operators and is expected to increase in the coming years.


Internet of things
5G technology achieves its expected high efficiency using advanced modulation techniques and network terminologies like:
1. Carrier Aggregation

2. Millimeter Waves
Millimeter waves are one of the efficient solutions to solve data rates. It has higher bandwidth to simultaneously transmit and receive data from the base station and UE (handset). Future 5G deployments will make use of 5G-NR spectrum capable of gigabit/second data transfer.

Adaptive Bandwidth
5G technology allows handsets to automatically switch to faster internet only when it is necessary and keeps lower data activities while not using any applications. This method preserves battery life significantly.
For example: checking email does not require higher bandwidth.
3. Small Cell Concept
4. MIMO Concept

MIMO is a transmission technology with the usage of multiple antennas for transmission and reception. Simultaneous data transfer is possible using this technology, thus offering an efficient data rate. The more the number of antennas, the more transmission and reception can be done.
Read more about MIMO Technology in Wireless Communication
5. Wi-Fi offloading
6. Device-to-device communication

D2D communication is a technique where a network authorizes two adjacent devices to communicate with each other directly. The network will control the devices and allow an operator to determine the traffic routing between direct and network paths. During the absents of the network, one device can connect to another device.
7. Cloud – Radio Network Access
C-RAN is a network technology used for effective communication with centralized information processing carried out remotely within the cloud system. The signal will be processed at a remote location, and the base stations will be connected with the most efficient fiber-optic connections. It gives a lot of advantages in system implementation and maintenance and is highly efficient. Find out How does Cloud Radio Access Network Works