• Skip to primary navigation
  • Skip to main content
  • Skip to primary sidebar
  • Skip to footer
RF Page

RF Page

RF & Wireless technology, Tools and Instruments

  • Home
  • 5G
    • LTE
  • IoT
  • Wireless
  • RF Tools >
    • Convert dBm to Watts
    • RF Test
    • RF equipment
    • RF networks
  • About
    • Contact
    • Privacy Policy
You are here: Home / 5G / How 5G technology works

How 5G technology works

June 17, 2016 by Rajiv 11 Comments

 
      5G is one of the most discussed technologies in this decade, what is 5G and how 5G technology works?
 
5g-future-rfpage
   
 
       5G is the fifth generation telecommunication and wireless network standard which will be capable of handling greater data rates and network efficiency.  5G networks will offer scalable and adaptable services, it promises a smarter, faster and efficient network. This new system expected to be launched in early 2020s.
 

5G-technology-path
 
 
       Before we discuss more about 5G, let’s take a look at the technology evolution in past few decades. GSM and CDMA network has been implemented in the late twentieth century. The advancement has been continued through 3G, 4G and LTE advanced networks. The system improved with new techniques to achieve higher data rate, more user handling, improve latency and overall network efficiency. 
 

        Where are we today?

lte-technology_today
 
 
       Now we are at fourth generation networks known as LTE advanced. LTE has been launched in more than 130 countries with around 400 network operators and expected to be increased in 2016 and coming years. It has estimated 437 million subscribers by 2015.
 

        The 5G Vision: Being Smart

5g_vision
 
 
        Researches shows that a massive growth in the traffic volume for the past five years. This trend will continue approximately 12 to 18 times higher rate by year 2020. There will be 50 billion wirelessly connected devices by 2020. The next generation networks will be capable of handling 10 times more simultaneous connections than current 4G version.  It will offer ultra high definition multimedia experience and remote access to many real time services.
 

       Performance Targets for 5G – What we can expect?

5g_performance_targets
     
       5G networks have been designed for a smart world such as smart cities, smart healthcare, transportation and most important idea of IOT. In order to handle higher network demands, the network must be smart, efficient and cost effective. It should support mobility, better coverage, power efficiency, reliability and most importantly security.


      Internet of things

iot

        IOT is one of the hot technology topics recently. Internet of things is an idea of connecting billions of smart devices to internet with an organized, efficient and secured way. Many organization have already completed market analysis and evaluated system requirements. It will revolutionize industrial area, manufacturing, healthcare system, supply chain management and it will reflect changes in daily life.
      

      5G Technologies – How does it work?

       5G technology will achieve its expected high efficiency using most modern modulation techniques and network terminologies like:

      1.      Carrier Aggregation

 
      Carrier aggregation is a technique used in LTE advanced to improve the system efficiency. In carrier aggregation, two or more carrier signals are aggregated to support wider bandwidth which allows even up to 100 MHz.
carrier_aggregation
       CA uses three techniques for aggregation:Intra-band contiguous: two carriers are transmitted at neighboring channels (as in the figure).Intra-band non contiguous: two carriers are transmitted with channel spacing.Inter-band: In this technique different LTE bands are used for transmission simultaneously. 
 

      2.      Small Cell Concept

 
      In order to increase network efficiency, the cell is sub divided into micro and Pico cells. Spectrum reusability allows to adding more users in a small geographical area and handle network more efficiently. 
 

      3.      MIMO Concept

 
5g_mimo
 

       MIMO is a transmission technology with the usage of multiple antennas for transmission and reception. Simultaneous data transfer is possible using this technology thus offer efficient data rate. The more the number of antennas, the more transmission and reception can be done.  

      4.      Wi-Fi off loading

       Wi-fi offloading is one the main feature of the future networks. It allows the user to connect using wi-fi network and the cellular network can be allocated to other users. It would be suitable for some places where cellular network quality is poor and user still have the option to connect to the network without cellular reception. 
 

      5.      Device to device communication

5g_d2d_comm


 
       D2D communication is technique where network authorize two adjacent devices communicate each other directly. Network will have the control over the devices and allows an operator to determine the traffic routing between direct and network path. During the absents of network, one devices can connect to another device.  
 

      6.     Cloud – Radio Network Access

       C-RAN is a network technology used for effective communication with a centralized information processing carried out remotely within the cloud system. The signal will be processed at a remote location and the base stations will be connected with most efficient fiber optic connections. It gives lot of advantages in system implementation, maintenance and highly efficient. 

      Conclusion

       As an improved version of LTE – 4G technology, many tests and trials has to be conducted before implementing 5G. It requires upgrade of base station capabilities, licenses, spectrum distribution, co-operation between network operators and device upgrading. Recently Ericsson has tested 5G network speed and makes a record on data transmission which is few Giga bytes per second and it will improve in future networks.
     More reading: Five network terminologies to make 5G possible

Share this:

  • Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)
  • Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)
  • Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)
  • Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window)
  • Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window)
  • Click to print (Opens in new window)

Related

Filed Under: 5G, LTE, RF networks

Reader Interactions

Comments

  1. Joyson says

    June 20, 2016 at 4:55 am

    Very useful thread of information.

    Reply
  2. Shahid S says

    July 28, 2016 at 2:39 am

    Interesting…

    Reply
  3. Rajiv says

    August 1, 2016 at 10:53 am

    Thanks Shahid!

    Reply
  4. Bogdan says

    October 25, 2016 at 12:06 pm

    “GSM and CDMA network has been implemented in the late nineteenth century” xDD

    Reply
    • Rajiv says

      October 25, 2016 at 1:01 pm

      Thanks Bogdan, it was twentieth century. GSM came into existence in 1991 in Finland, i think few years later CDMA

      Reply
  5. Terah says

    November 3, 2016 at 12:47 pm

    “GSM and CDMA network has been implemented in the late nineteenth century” xDD

    “Yes, GSM came into existence in 1991 in Finland, i think few years later CDMA”

    1801-1900 is the 19th century
    1901-2000 is the 20th century

    Reply
    • Rajiv says

      November 3, 2016 at 1:11 pm

      Thanks Terah. You are right. Thanks for highlighting, corrected.

      Reply
  6. Qualcomm Staff says

    March 8, 2017 at 3:57 am

    Good work on the summary.

    Reply
    • Rajiv says

      March 8, 2017 at 1:26 pm

      Thanks for the comment!

      Reply
  7. Biswajit Paul says

    June 16, 2018 at 8:46 pm

    Very very good article

    Reply
  8. Ashwani Kumar says

    July 8, 2019 at 7:03 am

    LTE is OFDMA as a 4G same as 5G. but all these three orthogonal angle is between 90 degree you can send/receive video, audio and data simultaneously.even you can dedicate these to camera,mic,and wifi for data

    Reply

Please let me know what your thoughts/comments are on this: Cancel reply

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.

Primary Sidebar

Follow RF Page

                       

Subscribe to RF Page via Email

Most Popular

What are 5G frequency bands

What are the challenges in 5G implementation

Categories

Footer

Subscribe to RF Page via Email

© 2021 · RF Page · Built on Genesis Powered by SiteGround

loading Cancel
Post was not sent - check your email addresses!
Email check failed, please try again
Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email.