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You are here: Home / 5G / Is 5G Technology and Millimeter Waves Safe

Is 5G Technology and Millimeter Waves Safe

Last Modified: December 17, 2022 by Rajiv 8 Comments

5G-safetyThe Tech world has been talking about 5G technologies for years. Ever since the conceptualization of 5G, signal transmission using millimeter waves is always under suspicion due to worries about health risks. Despite the fact that researchers do not have sufficient data about the health risks of millimeter waves, it is a scary topic for many peoples which lead to ongoing discussions.

What are the unique features of 5G technology?

Since the first generation, the cellular network uses radio waves to transmit voice calls and data bits from the base stations to individual mobile devices and vice versa. In LTE (4G) and LTE advanced technology, each mobile device can support multiple frequency bands for various service providers across countries and regions.

The third-generation cellular networks were capable of sending and receiving internet mobile devices and the data rate has significantly increased in 4G technology. 5G network will be capable of providing even higher data rates and low latency services with advanced network technologies. In order to achieve a higher data rate, 5G uses a much higher frequency spectrum, small cells, and complex modulation techniques.

1. Frequency Spectrum – 5G NR (New Radio)

Conventional 3G and 4G cellular networks transmit signals below 3.6 GHz of the radio frequency spectrum. Due to bandwidth limitations, the maximum data rate has limitations as well. 5G tests have confirmed that the technology is capable of achieving a downlink data rate of up to a few gigabits per second.

5G-millimeter-waves

The frequency spectrum used in 5G technology can be divided into three major bands such as Sub-6 GHz range, mid-range, and high-range millimeter waves.

Sub-6-GHz spectrum: Frequency range below 6 GHz range is grouped under the Sub-6 GHz category.

Millimeter waves: Frequency range above 24 GHz and below 100 GHz (for 5G applications)

Find applications of millimeter waves

Properties of millimeter waves

Highly distorted by atmospheric water molecules and Oxygen-induced atmospheric absorption

Due to its extremely short wavelength, it cannot penetrate concrete walls and strong structures

Low interference from surrounding low-frequency noise

Effects of millimeter waves on the human body

One of the major characteristics of millimeter waves on the human body is skin absorption. Exposure to EM radiation at millimeter waves will cause skin penetration (60 to 90 percent in extreme cases) due to the dielectric properties of human skin cells (during close exposure).  However, researchers observed that 30 to 40 percent of the incident power will be reflected from the skin.

Skin-structure

The power of the transmitted signal and time of exposure is a significant factors in this scenario.

Many researchers found that long-term exposure to microwave and millimeter wave radiation is carcinogenic. Unfortunately, the impact may not be obvious in the very short term but could cause serious damage to human cells over time.

Long-term exposure to microwave and millimeter wave frequency radiation (at high power) also could affect other living organisms and plants.

2. Large number of transmitting stations

The number of smart devices is growing at an exponential rate every year. The small cell concept is one of the best ways to provide a high data rate and low latency services. Hundreds and thousands of small cells will be deployed in 5G technology.

What are small cells in 5G technology?

An increase in the number of base stations and cells causes an increase in wireless noise. More transmitting antennas will be deployed across the streets, on buildings, lamp posts, etc… Network operators will decide where to install new stations; individuals may not be able to control the locations of deployment.

Find: What are 5G frequency bands

Regulations and guidelines

Regulatory authorities like FCC has strict guidelines for electromagnetic exposure level in public places and industrial sites where employees are exposed to regular EM radiation. However, the standards were created based on the first-generation technology reference to military technology; it has not been updated much in 20 years.

According to experts, the FCC standard was based on the thermal effect of electromagnetic radiation (if the device does not heat the body, it does not harm the body). The biological effects of RF radiation over a long period of time on the human body at different frequency ranges have never been studied.

Independent research shows that long-term exposure to microwave radiation could cause cancer in the human body. In fact, it is hard to collect sufficient evidence to support this claim because conducting a test with direct exposure to the human body has a lot of limitations.

Regulatory bodies across the countries are monitoring exposure levels but telecommunication is a huge business, that pays for a costly frequency spectrum and a lot of competitiveness. More innovative ideas emerging and service providers are competing with each other to implement them first.

Military use of millimeter waves

Military uses high-power millimeter waves in active denial systems to control attack enemies. Active denial systems (ADS) are biological weapons designed to crowd control by activating high-power millimeter waves which heat up the body during exposure. Highly directive antennas aim at the target and disintegrate the crowd in seconds.

5G Deployment status across the globe

5G-Status-Now
5G-Status-Now

Final thoughts – is 5G safe?

We are going through a transition stage in wireless technology now, the existing LTE advanced technology will be migrated to 5G technologies by end of this decade. At this moment, no one is certain about the impact of 5G technologies on the human body. Besides from the strict regulation from monitoring authorities, it is important to spread awareness to the public about the downside of high-frequency radio waves to take necessary steps for safety.

Based on the research data from different sources, long-term exposure to high-power microwave and millimeter waves could cause serious damage to skin and brain cells. Technology offers us convenience and assistance to do more complex tasks, at the same time everyone has the responsibility to make sure it will not affect the human being and other living organisms.

Just like any other existing wireless technology (3G/4G/Wi-Fi & radios), 5G is also monitored and covered by international and national exposure guidelines and strict regulations. As long as 5G follows national guidelines for exposure, 5G has no significant impact on the human body and it is safe to use.

Device manufacturers and service providers make sure their products/services meet all regulations and guidelines. According to Vodafone, they have rigorous testing phases for all mobile devices to ensure that they comply with international safety guidelines.

Source: Millimeter-wave interactions with the human body: state of knowledge and recent advances by Maxim Zhadobov, Nacer Chahat, Ronan Sauleau, Catherine Le Quement and Yves Le Dréan.

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Filed Under: 5G

About author

I'm Rajiv, a senior application engineer with 15 years of experience in RF Test & Measurement solutions. Interested in LTE, 5G, IoT, Wireless technologies, LabVIEW and C# coding.

Reader Interactions

Comments

  1. kareem mohammed yaseen says

    January 28, 2019 at 5:09 pm

    good night
    thank you very much
    my quastion how used milimeter wave antenna

    Reply
    • DIGVIJAY V. PATANKAR says

      February 12, 2019 at 11:46 am

      Its is based on the Use of an Application, How you design an Application. mmWave is a broad spectrum.

      Reply
  2. sandy sanders says

    March 12, 2019 at 10:36 pm

    Humanity must have a say in deployment of this technology because it is not a voluntary use technology. The 1% in control of the world is deploying this as a shortcut to profits by remote control management and AI. I know many friends who are very electro-sensitive and more people are becoming debilitated just by existing 3G, wifi, bluetooth, cell, cordless phones and other wireless RF. With 5G distributed on an almost molecular social basis we will incur massive biological dysfunction. I have seen industry estimates of one sensor every 17 sq. ft. This is not right. Each human being should be able to choose to use this tech as a tool or not. And each of us must be freely walk anywhere on Earth knowing we are not being radiated by man made dangerous radiation. Determined by each person. I personally think that we don’t need any of this wireless crap and should free ourselves of this threat. Hard-wired door to door underground fiber-optic cable as in Australia and many places in Europe. Fast, safe, clean, long lasting and affordable pro-rated over 10 years.

    I would appreciate it if the scientific community would come out demanding safety instead of just going with flow off a cliff.

    Reply
  3. Bob Holmes says

    December 18, 2019 at 7:07 pm

    I don’t need 5G I am not a corporation downloading huge amounts of data. Pro 5G experts argue that the visible spectrum has much higher energy and we are exposed to that without a problem. But I say that I am not exposed to visible spectrum 24/7 as I would be with 5G radiation.

    Reply
  4. Scrooge says

    May 8, 2020 at 5:53 pm

    It’ll be a dangerous technology, it’s ridiculous how nobody asks us if we agree or not, it’s totally a totalitarian way. They’re just going to fry our asses.

    Reply
  5. Big Joe says

    May 12, 2020 at 5:40 pm

    This 5G cell towers being globally deployed is looking more and more like a Global Size HAARP and who knows what the consequences will he? An apology does no desd person any good

    Reply
  6. Charles Hadden says

    May 23, 2020 at 8:27 pm

    I love all these fools caliming how 5G will kill you and not a one of them ever has has a HAM license or studied Electronic Engineering or actually worked somewhere in the communications industry.

    Reply
  7. John T says

    February 15, 2021 at 4:26 am

    Implementation of 5G and outbreak of Covid happened at approximately the same time. Kinda coincidental…

    Reply

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